Aluminum alloy has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and easy processing. Aluminum alloy used in the aviation field is usually called aviation aluminum alloy. It has a series of advantages such as high strength, good processing and formability, low cost and good maintainability, and is widely used in aircraft main structure materials.With the improvement of the design requirements of the future new generation of advanced aircraft, such as flight speed, structural weight reduction and stealth, the specific strength, specific stiffness, damage tolerance performance, manufacturing cost and structural integration of aviation aluminum alloy are greatly strengthened.Recently, the research of aviation aluminum industry focuses on the composition and synthesis of aluminum alloy, the material processing technology such as rolling, extrusion, forging and heat treatment, the manufacturing and processing of aluminum alloy parts, and the characterization and improvement of the service performance of the material structure.
1. Aluminum alloy composition
The key point of ultra-high strength aluminum alloy is to optimize the alloy composition design, change the content of alloy elements and reduce impurities.It is necessary to strengthen the research on the mechanism of action of rare earth and other trace elements in aluminum alloy, and to further improve the strength, toughness and corrosion resistance of the alloy by adopting the mechanism of multi-precipitation strengthening phase produced by multi-alloying.05, 2018 issue of nonferrous metallurgy energy-saving published “a aluminothermic reduction method of preparation of aluminium – scandium intermediate alloy, trace scandium is added in the aluminum alloy (0.15 wt % ~ 0.25 wt %), can greatly improve the strength of aluminum alloy, significantly improve the cold and hot machining, corrosion resistance, is the preparation of a new generation of aerospace, electronics and other fields with new materials.This project takes scandium oxide extracted from titanium dioxide wastewater and tungsten slag as raw material, aluminum ingot as reducing agent, with special flux, aluminothermic reduction under non-vacuum condition, through heat insulation casting and surface treatment to produce high-quality aluminum-scandium master alloy.Through the research on the solvent system, this project simplifies the technological process, reduces the requirement on the purity of scandium oxide of raw materials, and reduces the cost.The yield of scandium in aluminum-scandium alloy was increased by studying the ratio of solvent.
2. Aluminum alloy processing
To improve the traditional metallurgical technology of ingot casting (such as low-frequency electromagnetic semi-continuous casting), to develop and perfect the advanced technology of jet forming, to obtain high quality ingot structure and improve the comprehensive properties of the alloy through the improvement of the preparation method and reasonable selection of technological parameters;A new and better heat treatment process was developed to obtain good comprehensive properties of aluminum alloy, and to achieve the unity of high strength, high plasticity, high toughness and high stress corrosion resistance.North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power has carried out a research on the application of vacuum brazing technology in heat-treatable aluminum alloy metal materials. The welding of heat-treatable aluminum alloy metal materials under vacuum conditions is a new type of welding technology with high technical requirements and material selection.Because it is mainly used in aerospace profession, every procedure of this technology should not be neglected.In five masterbatch as experimental object, the superiority and inferiority analysis of 5 kinds of masterbatch materials respectively, under the condition of vacuum welding heat treatment of aluminum alloy metal material selection in the practical application of suitable material and appropriate experimental operating conditions, for under vacuum conditions in the practical application of welding heat treatment of aluminum alloy material foundation.Air fan, henan aluminum industry co., LTD implements the aluminum alloy plate conductivity on-line detection, according to the AMS standard requirements, conductivity detection is an essential part of aluminum alloy plate used in the aerospace industry key link, the implementation of the on-line detection of aluminium alloy aviation plate conductivity, focusing on the aerospace aluminum sheet management faces the realistic and urgent production management problems.
3, Aluminum alloy structure
The mechanism of strength and toughness, stress corrosion and fatigue corrosion of ultra-high strength aluminum alloy was studied in depth.Develop new molding technology.Among them, the aging molding technology combines manual aging and machining, which can not only improve the performance of aluminum alloy but also reduce the manufacturing cost of aircraft. It has a broad application prospect in the manufacturing of aviation curved surface structural parts, and is the current research focus at home and abroad.Capital Aerospace Machinery Co., Ltd. and other units have conducted in-depth research on arc fuse additive manufacturing technology for aerospace light metal materials. They believe that compared with other metal 3D printing technologies, arc fuse additive manufacturing has the characteristics of low manufacturing cost and high forming efficiency, which provides a possibility to solve this problem.The research status of arc fuse additive manufacturing technology for light metal materials such as aluminum alloy and titanium alloy at home and abroad is reviewed. The main problems and development direction are pointed out.Finally, the development trend of the common key technologies such as stress and deformation control, path planning software, on-line monitoring and feedback control of forming process for arc fuse additive manufacturing of large components is analyzed.Chinalco southwest aluminum group (limited) liability company rolling plant of pretensioning on aluminium alloy quenching deformation of plate straightening simulation was analyzed, and the aluminum alloy thick plate which has been widely applied in the field of aerospace, is easy to be in heavy plate rolling after quenching deformation problems, directly affect the whole of the thick plate yield, type of version control and straightening technology are analyzed, to effectively solve the problem of deformation of aluminum alloy thick plate, aluminum alloy thick plate itself better value and performance.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology has studied the lost mold casting technology of aluminum alloy, which has become a “new casting technology in the 21st century” by virtue of good economic benefits and good properties of castings.The development of industry promotes the development of aluminum alloy lost mold casting technology and makes it become an important part of casting technology development.This paper mainly introduces the research status and application status of aluminum alloy lost mold casting technology in the aspects of appearance materials, coating technology, forming technology and numerical simulation, etc., and prospects it.
4.Expection
The development of aluminum alloy with high strength and high tenacity and development mainly on raising the material strength, plasticity, toughness, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance and so on comprehensive performance in order to develop research, its new alloy can by adjusting the alloy composition, adopting new alloying elements, the way such as adopting new processing and manufacturing technology for development, but the research task is still arduous long.Research and development should pay attention to two points: first, a new alloy is not only an alloy composition, but should include alloy composition, processing technology and application, only these three combined to become a good alloy material;Second, the development of new alloy materials can not only stay in the laboratory, the most important is to be able to carry out mass production under the conditions of industrial production.In short, with the deepening of the research on ultra-high strength aluminum alloy, there will be more perfect melt treatment technology and heat treatment process, more advanced molding technology and ultra-high strength aluminum alloy appear, thus promoting the application of ultra-high strength aluminum alloy in aerospace.
Post time: Apr-09-2021
